Economic Performance of Former USSR States Essay

Financial Performance of Former USSR States - Essay Example This conversation centers around the financial exhibition of the previous USSR states after freedom and the monetary relations between these nations just as their exchange, populace, GDP development, speculations and obligations. The paper features the GDP development and financial execution of the nations like Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan, Russia and different countries which have as of late picked up autonomy and isolated from the previous Soviet Union. Notwithstanding having been a piece of perhaps the best superpower, these nations with the exception of Russia are not, at this point unmistakable on the world guide. Since picking up autonomy these previous Soviet states are getting progressively solid as far as financial development and execution with relations between the states becoming surprisingly better. However there stay a few issues that propose that these nations should reproduce and rebuild their financial procedures to rise as monetarily incredible as the further developed economies. In this audit, a near examination is given indicating monetary development and execution of the previous Soviet expresses, their inner and outside relations with neighboring nations and other previous Soviet states just as their similar GDP and populace development. The goals of the exposition would be: 1. to distinguish the key players in post USSR nations 2.to find the monetary relations between the CIS nations and the degree of their interdependency, and 3. to rank the significant previous Soviet states’ execution utilizing nation development measures. ... Thinking about the transient part of the previous Soviet states' economy, Kalantaridis (2007) featured the job of business people in molding the idea of developing foundations. The previous Soviet country states could even now be considered as transient and advancing, despite the fact that the changelessness of such establishments is critical to dependability and monetary growth. The post Soviet rebuilding and reproduction of political, social and financial frameworks have had extensive and differential effect on the economy. The further developed economies of the post Soviet country expresses that have now joined the European Union are monetarily more grounded despite the fact that nations which are further East have seen a decrease in development of total national output followed by downturn in spite of the fact that with certain increases to an affluent minority (Edwards, 2006). The explanation behind the fall of GDP might be because of the noteworthy need for rebuilding, ascend i n expenses, and privatization. Edwards (2006) recognized four gatherings of Soviet economies2. The focal and Eastern European promotion states to the EU have open economies with better development, increasingly private area association and outside direct ventures. The Balkan conditions of the South east European districts are set apart by transitional downturns and compounded salary disparity while Russia has executed incomplete financial changes. The rest of the country states have seen declining financial development primarily because of fall of pay. As Desai and Olopsgard have proposed, mainstream support for showcase arranged change experiencing significant change economies rises and falls with joblessness and work creation 3. Hence the execution of market arranged changes that would be basic for financial

Education in “The Republic” & “Discourse on the Arts and Sciences”

The job and importance of instruction with respect to political and social establishments is a subject that has intrigued political logicians for centuries. Specifically, the perspectives on the antiquated Greek savant Plato, as confirm in The Republic, and of the pre-Romantic savant Jean Jacques Rousseau in his Discourse on the Arts and Sciences, present a striking juxtaposition of the two limits of the progressing philosophical and political discussion over the capacity and estimation of training. In this paper, I will contend that Rousseau's revocation of instruction, while defective and offering no solution for the ills it criticizes, is better in light of the fact that it comes nearer than reality of things than does Plato's romanticized originations. To do as such, I will initially look at Plato's translation of the job of training and its capacity in molding the structure of society and government and in creating productive members of society. I will at that point present Rousseau's perspective on training and the negative impacts of the enlightened culture which it delivers, and utilizing this view, will endeavor to show the naivete and over-romanticizing of Plato's ideas. At long last, I will endeavor to exhibit that it is Rousseau's view, as opposed to Plato's, that is eventually increasingly huge in evaluating the real (versus admired) merits (or deficiency in that department, for Rousseau's situation) by which training ought to be decided with respect to the nurturance of productive members of society. For Plato, the subject of the job of training emerges close to the finish of Book II (377e), after a conversation of both the essential and ensuing characteristics of Socrates' kallipolis or â€Å"Ideal City. Such a city, Socrates contends, will, after a short time, have need of both a specialization of work (all together for the best degree of assorted variety and extravagance of products to be accomplished) and of the foundation of a class of â€Å"Guardians† to shield the city from its desirous neighbors and keep up request inside its dividers (I. e. , to police and oversee the city). This, thus, drives inflexibly to the topic of what characteristics the Ideal City will expect of its Guardians, and how best to encourage such qualities. The early, youth instruction of the Guardians, Socrates contends, is the key. What, at that point, asks Socrates, should kids be educated, and when? This rapidly prompts a conversation of oversight. Socrates refers to various sketchy sections from Homer which can't, he believes, be permitted in instruction, since they speak to shameful conduct and support the dread of death. The sensational type of quite a bit of this verse is additionally suspect: it places disgraceful words into the mouths of divine beings and legends. Socrates recommends that what we would call â€Å"direct quotation† must be carefully constrained to ethically raising discourse. Nothing can be allowed that bargains the instruction of the youthful Guardians, as it is they who will one day manage and ensure the city, and whom the lesser-comprised residents of the polis will endeavor to copy, acclimatizing, by means of the imitative procedure of mimesis, to the Myth (or â€Å"noble lie†) of the Ideal City wherein equity is accomplished when everybody expect their appropriate job in the public eye. The procedure of mimesis, is, obviously, one more type of training, in which those of Iron and Bronze natures are â€Å"instructed† and enlivened by the prevalent insight and character of the Gold and Silver individuals from the Guardian class. It is in this manner a type of training without which the polis can't work. In this way, for Guardian and normal resident the same, the instruction of the youthful and the proceeding â€Å"instruction† of the populace are pivotal. Notwithstanding these viewpoints, Plato additionally thinks about another capacity of training, and one which is very huge in its connection to Rousseau's perspectives. For Plato, instruction and morals are reliant. To be moral, thusly, requires a twofold development: development away from submersion in solid undertakings to deduction and vision of perpetual request and structures, (for example, equity) and afterward development again from argument to investment and re-connection in common issues. It is a compulsion to turn into a theoretical researcher. However, the vision of the great is simply the vision of what is beneficial for oneself and the city †of the benefit of all. On the off chance that one doesn't come back to help his kindred individuals, he gets childish and in time will be less ready to perceive what is acceptable, what is ideal. An unselfish dedication to the great requires an unselfish commitment to the acknowledgment of this great in human undertakings. Similarly as the motivation behind getting request and cutoff points in one's own life is to realize request and restriction in one's own character and wants, the comprehension of equity requires application in the open circle (through training). A man who overlooks the polis resembles a man who overlooks he has a body. Plato in this way advocates teaching both the body and the city (for one needs both), not betraying them. In the event that instruction is, for Plato, the methods by which man comes to completely acknowledge (through society) his potential as a person and by which society all in all is thus raised, for Rousseau it is an incredible inverse. Training, contends Rousseau, doesn't lift the spirits of men but instead consumes them. The respectable mimesis which lies at the core of instruction in Plato's kallipolis is for Rousseau only a submissive impersonation of the worn out thoughts of classical times. The evil impacts of this impersonation are complex. Initially, contends Rousseau, when we give ourselves to the learning of old thoughts, we smother our own innovativeness and creativity. Where is there space for unique idea, when, in our relentless endeavors to dazzle each other with our intellect, we are continually rambling the thoughts of others? In a world without creativity, the sign of enormity, insight, and excellence is diminished to just our capacity to satisfy others by recounting the intelligence of the past. This accentuation on creativity is in checked stand out from Plato, who finds no an incentive in innovation, esteeming it contradictory to a polis in any case bound together by shared Myths of the Ideal City and of Metals. Rousseau dismisses this â€Å"unity†, appropriately upbraiding it as a type of subjugation , in which mankind's inborn limit with respect to unconstrained, unique self-articulation is supplanted with the burdening. of the brain and the will to the thoughts of others, who are regularly long dead. Notwithstanding stifling the inborn human requirement for innovation, training (and the craving for â€Å"culture† and â€Å"sophistication† that it induces) makes us hide ourselves, to veil our actual natures, wants, and feelings. We become fake and shallow, utilizing our social pleasantries and our insight into writing, and so forth , to introduce a satisfying yet beguiling face to the world, a thought comfortable with the thoughts of Plato. We expect, in Rousseau's words, â€Å"the appearance everything being equal, without being in control of one of them. At last, contends Rousseau, instead of reinforcing our brains and bodies and (a basic point) moving us towards that which is moral, as Plato fights, instruction and human advancement delicate and debilitate us truly and (maybe most altogether) intellectually, and cause us, in this shortcoming, to go as far as each way of evil and bad form against each other. â€Å"External ornaments,† composes Rousseau, â€Å"are no less unfamiliar to ideals, which is the quality and movement of the psyche. The legit man is a competitor, who wants to wrestle unmistakable bare; he hates every one of those disgusting trappings, which forestall the effort of his quality, and were, generally, created distinctly to disguise some distortion. † Virtue, instead of Plato's origination, is an activity, and results not from the impersonation natural in mimesis, yet rather in the action †in the activity †of the body, psyche and soul. Training, in any case, requests impersonation, requests a displaying upon what has been effective. How, at that point, do we appropriately evaluate the benefits of instruction with respect to its it embellishment of the open character †in its capacity to deliver â€Å"good† residents. The response to this pivots, I submit, on how we decide to characterize the â€Å"good† resident. Unmistakably, if dutifulness (or â€Å"assimilation to a political ideology†, or maybe â€Å"voluntary servitude†) is the sign of the productive member of society, at that point we should view Plato's demeanor towards training as the best possible one. Be that as it may, submission, regardless of its conspicuous centrality to the smooth activity of society (as we would have social disorder were it totally missing), has its helpful cutoff points. Over-osmosis to a political thought or â€Å"blueprint† is just as perilous †to be sure, unmistakably more so †as the express under-digestion of disorder. For those slanted to contest this, I would ask them to survey the historical backdrop of Nazi Germany as maybe the conclusive case of what pitiful, dreadful exhibitions of bad form we people are equipped for when we exchange our psychological and profound self-governance for the helpful aloofness and nondescript namelessness of the political perfect. Besides, if , as Rousseau fights, our human progress is to such an extent that, â€Å"Sincere kinship, genuine regard, and impeccable certainty [in each other] are exiled from among men,† what is the nature of the general public for which training †any advanced instruction †implies to sets us up? When, â€Å"Jealousy, doubt, dread frigidity, save, abhor, and misrepresentation lie continually hid under †¦ [a] uniform and misleading cloak of politeness,† what is left to us to instruct residents for, other than the delight we appear to determine in pompous showcases of ancient information? On the off chance that we expel the politeness from â€Å"civilization†, what stays to us that any instruction will cure?

Cross-Cultural Intelligence The Case in Singapore - 3025 Words

Cross-Cultural Intelligence: The Case in Singapore (Term Paper Sample) Content: Cross-Cultural Intelligence: The case in SingaporeName:Institution:IntroductionIn essence, when folks from different cultures communicate, they initiate intercultural communication. The intercultural moment can either be successful or unsuccessful depending on some key elements. In both local and international companies, culture often shapes communication, and it dictates the potentiality of communication to a business. Singaporeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s capital city has many workers and investors from different countries especially Philippine. Unfortunately, indigenous people do not regard foreigners as important people who can aid in the development of their country. Instead, they see them as people who compete with their schools, housing, and other public facilities. Indeed, this phenomenon has welcomed intercultural and interpersonal misunderstandings in the city particularly in Singapore companies (Gesteland, 2012). The abusive campaign hit the climax in the year 2014 when ma ny Philippines migrated to Singapore for work and investments purposes. This essay is divided into two pieces; the part A and B. In part A, it courageously and deeply describes the key elements crucial in cross-cultural communication. These key elements can either initiate effective cross-cultural communication or lead to interpersonal misunderstandings. Part B entails the analysis of Filipino markets as well as designing of marketing and communications plan in an attempt to attract Filipinosà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ to attend training in American Training Company located in Singapore. It does this in line with the theories of cross-cultural communication.Part AAs a result of global business growth, expansion in technology and the coming of internet platforms, cross-cultural communication has become a crucial tool for companies whether they operate locally or globally. In Singapore, over 45.6% of companies in urban areas have employed international employees from Europe, India, Asia, Hispania, Ch ina, Africa and Philippine (Matsumoto, 2001).In 2014, Filipinos organized a celebration that was heavily cursed by Singaporeans on internet platforms including Facebook. In gave birth to racial abuse and prejudice at the time. The argument was; the celebrations should have taken place in Filipinos embassy and not along famous and busy Orchard Road. Many leaders including Prime Minister, the famous Lee Loong came out to condemn such sentiments. In turn, the motion extended to workplaces and Filipinos were even not wanted in the positions because they competed for opportunities and housing facilities (Gesteland, 2012). Ideally, problems associated with cross-cultural communication were experienced at the time. Singaporean policies favored the migration of people into the country due to low birth rates witnessed in the time. Therefore, the government aimed raising its population.In particular, there was a huge shift of personnel from Philippine to Singapore in 2014 due to the strong re lationship that was built by political leaders of the time. However, this movement was not received positively by Singaporeans and, therefore, interpersonal and intercultural misunderstandings took part in many companies. Researchers clearly show the evidence of this situation by keenly looking at tonality, body language. Gestures and words used in places of work in Singapore cities(Matsumoto, 2001). In addition, deep structures like values, prejudices, beliefs, fears, experiences, dreams and feeling were major indicators of such situations. The key elements that took part in influencing cross-cultural communication include; language differences, nonverbal differences, high-context versus low-context cultures, environment technology, conceptions of authority, and power distance.Language differencesThere is no other big obstacle to cross-cultural communication in companies than using different languages. Difficulties emerging from language usage fall in 3 sects; culturally-based var iations among communicators, translation problems and difficulties experienced during the conveying of subtle distinctions. The link between workers and employees in Singapore might be ruined due to misinterpretation of concepts by foreign workers. In Singapore, common languages used are English, Mandarin, Tamil, Malay and some French language. On the other hand, the official language in Philippine is Filipino but English is taught as the second language. Despite restrictions imposed by Singaporean government concerning foreign workers intake, Singaporeans stand firm to blame Immigration policies which favor immigration from countries such as Philippine. As a result, global organizations are likely to face language problems. In the case where global organizations do not accommodate and train on common languages, members are likely to face language challenges.Firstly, the Singaporeans will feel comfortable to use their languages at the place of work and, therefore, it creates misund erstandings between workers. In turn, social segregation is felt in every corner of city companies. Secondly, through English language can be used to bring together workers from different cultures, there is likelihood that workers will misinterpret concepts and instructions given. Studies on language as a barrier to cross-cultural communication show that 42% of Singaporean workers develop the negative attitude as a result of language difference. Equally, 71.5% of Philippine workers have a feeling that they do not interact rightfully and freely with indigenous due to language obstacle. Furthermore, Geert Hofstede, a theorist identified several dimensions one of them being individualism versus collectivism. In his theory, Geert identified the major cause of individualism which is language. Therefore, differences in language create small groups within the bigger working team. Each team is identified by its language. Eventually, the interpersonal relationship becomes weak. As a result, Singaporean launched an abusive campaign especially to Philippines, who are working in their country.Environment and TechnologyIn essence, people utilize resources differently as per what culture dictates. Culture takes part in shaping individuals on how they should look at environment or technology. It makes people either accepts or reject, develop positive or negative towards the certain environment. For instance, climate, population density, topography, population size and availability of natural resources can be the root cause for interpersonal misunderstandings in Singapore. Equally, technology can be grouped into subjugation, control, and harmonization. Singaporeans who always oppose foreign workers especially those from the Philippine country were found not to believe the powers of technology (Matsumoto, 2001). Moreover, many indigenous Singaporeans are rigid in that they do not easily accept a change that has been borrowed from somewhere to their country. For example, Philip pine workers might have come with different ways of working, coordinating and marketing in the company. They end up opposing these changes.Regarding the environment, Singaporeans see Philippines are people who have brought congestion in the city and therefore deteriorating their cities. In 2010, research showed that over 35.2% of Singaporeans see foreign workers from a negative side while overlooking the other. When the two political leaders of Singapore and Philippine reinstated the relationship of the two countries, migration policies became favorable for both sides. Philippines found comfort and better pay in their country of destination. Consequently, the population increased. Unemployment cases were reported, and places of work people realized this. It gave birth to too many questions regarding foreign workers.Authority conceptionPeople with varied cultures view the distribution of powers in a different manner. Geert Hosfstede, in his theory, calls this phenomenon as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"power distanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. It makes societies and individuals believe the powers in workplaces in distributed in an unjustifiable way. It is through these perceptions that bring misunderstandings in a business environment. In reality, many workers receive messages based on who is the sender, which rank or position the sender is. It means foreign workers especially managers are likely not to be obeyed by their subjects who are Singaporeans (Gesteland, 2012). They often take seriously messages that emerge from people in top positions than what other fellow workers communicate. In other words, people tend to agree with managers whose origin is Singapore than those who come from Philippine. As a result, the controlling of cross-cultural communication becomes difficult. Fons Trompenaars came up with a theory where he brought a distinction between Neutral and emotional. Neutral remains a situation where people judge messages in a just way while emotional people tend to give a biased interpretation of messages. The situation in Singapore seems to take an emotional direction whereby any Philippine, whether he is productive or not is considered a competitor or a disadvantage to indigenous people.Nonverbal BehaviorNonverbal communication plays a big role in informing people about oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s culture. Nonverbal behavior is broken down into prime six areas; body language, kinesics, dress, oculesics, eye contact, dress, and paralanguage. For instance, mode of dressing has been one aspect that brings cultural misunderstandings. Notably, foreigners especially Philippines were found to dress differently from what Singaporeans do. It created an obstacle in that workers and managers could not receive this in a welcoming way. Body language equally creates major misunderstandings. Edward T. Hall, in his theory, discovered that a message can be wrongly interpreted depending on language body (Matsumoto, 2001). Seemingly, many Singaporeans di... Cross-Cultural Intelligence The Case in Singapore - 3025 Words Cross-Cultural Intelligence: The Case in Singapore (Term Paper Sample) Content: Cross-Cultural Intelligence: The case in SingaporeName:Institution:IntroductionIn essence, when folks from different cultures communicate, they initiate intercultural communication. The intercultural moment can either be successful or unsuccessful depending on some key elements. In both local and international companies, culture often shapes communication, and it dictates the potentiality of communication to a business. Singaporeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s capital city has many workers and investors from different countries especially Philippine. Unfortunately, indigenous people do not regard foreigners as important people who can aid in the development of their country. Instead, they see them as people who compete with their schools, housing, and other public facilities. Indeed, this phenomenon has welcomed intercultural and interpersonal misunderstandings in the city particularly in Singapore companies (Gesteland, 2012). The abusive campaign hit the climax in the year 2014 when ma ny Philippines migrated to Singapore for work and investments purposes. This essay is divided into two pieces; the part A and B. In part A, it courageously and deeply describes the key elements crucial in cross-cultural communication. These key elements can either initiate effective cross-cultural communication or lead to interpersonal misunderstandings. Part B entails the analysis of Filipino markets as well as designing of marketing and communications plan in an attempt to attract Filipinosà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ to attend training in American Training Company located in Singapore. It does this in line with the theories of cross-cultural communication.Part AAs a result of global business growth, expansion in technology and the coming of internet platforms, cross-cultural communication has become a crucial tool for companies whether they operate locally or globally. In Singapore, over 45.6% of companies in urban areas have employed international employees from Europe, India, Asia, Hispania, Ch ina, Africa and Philippine (Matsumoto, 2001).In 2014, Filipinos organized a celebration that was heavily cursed by Singaporeans on internet platforms including Facebook. In gave birth to racial abuse and prejudice at the time. The argument was; the celebrations should have taken place in Filipinos embassy and not along famous and busy Orchard Road. Many leaders including Prime Minister, the famous Lee Loong came out to condemn such sentiments. In turn, the motion extended to workplaces and Filipinos were even not wanted in the positions because they competed for opportunities and housing facilities (Gesteland, 2012). Ideally, problems associated with cross-cultural communication were experienced at the time. Singaporean policies favored the migration of people into the country due to low birth rates witnessed in the time. Therefore, the government aimed raising its population.In particular, there was a huge shift of personnel from Philippine to Singapore in 2014 due to the strong re lationship that was built by political leaders of the time. However, this movement was not received positively by Singaporeans and, therefore, interpersonal and intercultural misunderstandings took part in many companies. Researchers clearly show the evidence of this situation by keenly looking at tonality, body language. Gestures and words used in places of work in Singapore cities(Matsumoto, 2001). In addition, deep structures like values, prejudices, beliefs, fears, experiences, dreams and feeling were major indicators of such situations. The key elements that took part in influencing cross-cultural communication include; language differences, nonverbal differences, high-context versus low-context cultures, environment technology, conceptions of authority, and power distance.Language differencesThere is no other big obstacle to cross-cultural communication in companies than using different languages. Difficulties emerging from language usage fall in 3 sects; culturally-based var iations among communicators, translation problems and difficulties experienced during the conveying of subtle distinctions. The link between workers and employees in Singapore might be ruined due to misinterpretation of concepts by foreign workers. In Singapore, common languages used are English, Mandarin, Tamil, Malay and some French language. On the other hand, the official language in Philippine is Filipino but English is taught as the second language. Despite restrictions imposed by Singaporean government concerning foreign workers intake, Singaporeans stand firm to blame Immigration policies which favor immigration from countries such as Philippine. As a result, global organizations are likely to face language problems. In the case where global organizations do not accommodate and train on common languages, members are likely to face language challenges.Firstly, the Singaporeans will feel comfortable to use their languages at the place of work and, therefore, it creates misund erstandings between workers. In turn, social segregation is felt in every corner of city companies. Secondly, through English language can be used to bring together workers from different cultures, there is likelihood that workers will misinterpret concepts and instructions given. Studies on language as a barrier to cross-cultural communication show that 42% of Singaporean workers develop the negative attitude as a result of language difference. Equally, 71.5% of Philippine workers have a feeling that they do not interact rightfully and freely with indigenous due to language obstacle. Furthermore, Geert Hofstede, a theorist identified several dimensions one of them being individualism versus collectivism. In his theory, Geert identified the major cause of individualism which is language. Therefore, differences in language create small groups within the bigger working team. Each team is identified by its language. Eventually, the interpersonal relationship becomes weak. As a result, Singaporean launched an abusive campaign especially to Philippines, who are working in their country.Environment and TechnologyIn essence, people utilize resources differently as per what culture dictates. Culture takes part in shaping individuals on how they should look at environment or technology. It makes people either accepts or reject, develop positive or negative towards the certain environment. For instance, climate, population density, topography, population size and availability of natural resources can be the root cause for interpersonal misunderstandings in Singapore. Equally, technology can be grouped into subjugation, control, and harmonization. Singaporeans who always oppose foreign workers especially those from the Philippine country were found not to believe the powers of technology (Matsumoto, 2001). Moreover, many indigenous Singaporeans are rigid in that they do not easily accept a change that has been borrowed from somewhere to their country. For example, Philip pine workers might have come with different ways of working, coordinating and marketing in the company. They end up opposing these changes.Regarding the environment, Singaporeans see Philippines are people who have brought congestion in the city and therefore deteriorating their cities. In 2010, research showed that over 35.2% of Singaporeans see foreign workers from a negative side while overlooking the other. When the two political leaders of Singapore and Philippine reinstated the relationship of the two countries, migration policies became favorable for both sides. Philippines found comfort and better pay in their country of destination. Consequently, the population increased. Unemployment cases were reported, and places of work people realized this. It gave birth to too many questions regarding foreign workers.Authority conceptionPeople with varied cultures view the distribution of powers in a different manner. Geert Hosfstede, in his theory, calls this phenomenon as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"power distanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. It makes societies and individuals believe the powers in workplaces in distributed in an unjustifiable way. It is through these perceptions that bring misunderstandings in a business environment. In reality, many workers receive messages based on who is the sender, which rank or position the sender is. It means foreign workers especially managers are likely not to be obeyed by their subjects who are Singaporeans (Gesteland, 2012). They often take seriously messages that emerge from people in top positions than what other fellow workers communicate. In other words, people tend to agree with managers whose origin is Singapore than those who come from Philippine. As a result, the controlling of cross-cultural communication becomes difficult. Fons Trompenaars came up with a theory where he brought a distinction between Neutral and emotional. Neutral remains a situation where people judge messages in a just way while emotional people tend to give a biased interpretation of messages. The situation in Singapore seems to take an emotional direction whereby any Philippine, whether he is productive or not is considered a competitor or a disadvantage to indigenous people.Nonverbal BehaviorNonverbal communication plays a big role in informing people about oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s culture. Nonverbal behavior is broken down into prime six areas; body language, kinesics, dress, oculesics, eye contact, dress, and paralanguage. For instance, mode of dressing has been one aspect that brings cultural misunderstandings. Notably, foreigners especially Philippines were found to dress differently from what Singaporeans do. It created an obstacle in that workers and managers could not receive this in a welcoming way. Body language equally creates major misunderstandings. Edward T. Hall, in his theory, discovered that a message can be wrongly interpreted depending on language body (Matsumoto, 2001). Seemingly, many Singaporeans di...

How Ethics Is Important For Business Environment - 1563 Words

Ethics is a system of moral principles and standards that direct us to the behavior that is acceptable from the society. It is a combination of our good habits, our duties that we should accomplish, and the impression we leave on others based on our behavior. Ethics lay the foundation for the ability to differentiate between what is right and wrong in a particular situation and how to deal with situations that do not have a clear course of action to follow. It is vital to study ethics to improve our social skills, to distinguish what is right and wrong, and be able to apply our ethical knowledge and skills that is considered to be the best solution for the specific situation. Understanding business ethics is important for business environment. Business ethics is set of rules, practices, and policies that are applied in business environment. The concept of business ethics is simple and straightforward: what is right or wrong in the business environment and how everyone should act. 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Urban Population Of Ethiopia And Its Socio Economic And...

Today’s world society is rapidly becoming urbanite and such rapid urbanization comes up with its multi variant socio economic and environmental consequences. Among many variables characterizing urbanization in the century, the most prominent one is population growth rate. World urban growth population rate is about 1.8% where as that of Africa and Ethiopia is 4.4% and 5% respectively (UN- Habitat 2004/2005; PASDEP 2006). Though Ethiopia is one of the least urbanized countries where about 83.8% of population lives in the rural areas, it is one of the countries where high urbanization process taking place. Currently, urban population of Ethiopia is about 11.7 million. Studies show that the figure will increase to 17.8 million in 2015 and 22 million by 2020, with annual growth rate of 5% (yewoynishet, 2007; PASDEP, 2006). Over the years, rising population has led to unsustainable exploitation of natural resources for the consumption of environmental good and services. Unplanned economic growth, industrialization and vehicular emission could also affect urban environment. The effect of these problems might include degradation and pollution of environment like ground water, soil, river bank, air and other urban ecosystem (Cobbett, 2006; National Urban Planning Institute of Ethiopia, NUPI, 2003). Regarding to this, the 1960s were the milestone that marked the birth of the environmental movement. The publication of the book â€Å"silent spring† by Rachel carson in 1962 in the USA tookShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Urbanization On Food Supply And Human Security885 Words   |  4 Pagesfocuses attention on the socio-economic and environmental effects of rapid urbanization and population growth in the developing countries with particular reference to Africa. 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Critical Analysis on the Sydney Light Rail Project

Question: Discuss about theCritical Analysis on the Sydney Light Rail Project. Answer: Introduction The chosen project has been the Sydney Light Rail Project and previously, the system design details and other similar factors were discussed. In this part, a critical analysis of the system design has been conducted. The successful running of operations, the company needs to fix a specific system design test as well as evaluation. As per the project plan developed and followed for the Sydney Light Rail Project, some critical analysis can be made on the design optimization technique followed by the company (Birdsall 2015). Again, the company requires several operations in order to maintain the services as well as to provide extremely reliable services to the passengers that are studied closely. In this chosen case study of light rail development project, generation of revenue is the most important target since the services cannot be continued daily without sufficient generation of revenues (Olesen and Lassen 2016). This revenue comes from the daily commuters (passengers) who have to buy tickets of certain prices to avail the services of the light rail. However, by far the most important human factor that affects the design concept is the availability of an effective management system (Chandler 201 5). In all parts of the project from the planning and design phase to fully operational phase, an effective management system ensures proper running of every activities of the project. In this report, all these aspects and factors have been critically analyzed and discussed. System Test, Evaluation and Validation System tests should be done by the following procedures. The company should conduct a survey on the created route and try to find possible faults in the tracks or in the design. After this, test runs are to be made with the light rail trains in order to analyze the available system to the passengers. A quality check procedure is to be done to check quality of services as well as the interior designs of the train cars. The electronic ticketing system should also be checked properly in order to avoid any mid-route mishap. Another system test is required for final evaluation of the route and checking of the overhead wires. The evaluation of the complete design should be made based on different factors. This evaluation includes the management procedures, customer satisfaction, generated revenue and financial feasibility. This is mainly because the project is based on public transport service and hence, the economic feasibility of the project depends on the number of general passengers in the system (Martin 2014). This number directly depends upon the number of popular and busy areas the route touches. The company is also poised to provide extremely reliable services to the passengers in order to gain more and more customer base. As per the plan of the company, the route is set to pass through several busy commercial sectors of the city as well as transit outlets like airport, ferry ghat, etc. Implementation of the light rail network will require digging and blocking of the chosen route. This phase will cause extreme traffic havoc and congestion as well as sheer inconvenience of the daily commuters (Pete r, Jeffrey and Garry 2013). The evaluation process can provide a precise method to calculate several constraints that might be faced in the later parts of the projects. Validation of the project will be done when the testing and evaluation phases are complete and the authorities show green light for further proceeding with the project. This will result in further execution of the project with exclusion of some common problems and issues. Optimization in Design As per the project plan developed and followed for the Sydney Light Rail Project, some critical analysis can be made on the design optimization technique followed by the company. As per the project plan, the company emphasized on the busiest areas of the city that are used by the people during the rush office hours (Ney and Gray 2014). Hence, the design of the light rail had to be such that it passes through the busy commercial sectors as well as through the road junctions where there is too much traffic congestion. However, the flaw in this plan is that the company will face massive problem during the project execution phase. Implementation of the light rail network will require digging and blocking of the chosen route. This phase will cause extreme traffic havoc and congestion as well as sheer inconvenience of the daily commuters. Hence, without suitable planning or providing alternative temporary routes to the daily traffic, the project will have serious obstacle for execution. Again, the design of the light rail project should be such that the company is able to provide proper services during rush hours in order to gain more passengers every day. The main problem is that the company should design the route in such a way that two-car light trains are run at a frequency of at least one in every five minutes during rush hours. The route has to be such that the trains can be easily reversed at the end of the light rail route. Another aspect for the optimization of design is maintenance of the economic feasibility of the project. Before executing the project, the potential business and economy of the company should be analyzed. For this, the total number of daily passengers has to be estimated and a suitable ticket price has to be set. If the estimated values are economically feasible for the company, the project should be executed. Finally, one main factor to be considered for the optimization of project design has to be passenger comfort and a user friendly environment within the rail cars. For this purpose, air conditioning systems can be installed within the rail cars along with a digital display system that will show the current stop of the train (Olesen and Lassen 2016). All these factors will sum up to a great optimization in the project design and will ultimately help the company in gaining a huge passenger base. Operations for Reliability and Maintainability The company requires several operations in order to maintain the services as well as to provide extremely reliable services to the passengers. These are discussed as follows. Reliability The company is poised to provide extremely reliable services to the passengers in order to gain more and more customer base. As per the plan of the company, the route is set to pass through several busy commercial sectors of the city as well as transit outlets like airport, ferry ghat, etc. During rush hours, there should be increased light rail service frequency in order to accommodate more passengers and help them reach their destinations in time (Hensher 2016). Moreover, the services should include a very comfortable experience for the daily commuters. Every day, the number of light users will increase if the provided services are reliable and always help passengers reach destination on time. Maintainability In addition to reliable services, the company should also maintain every aspects of the light rail system in order to provide sustainability to the whole light rail project. In addition to keeping services intact, the maintenance of the management team and the whole system management i.e. maintenance of the trains, financial records, electronic ticketing system, cash transactions are necessary. If any of these factors are not maintained properly, it will lead to complete disaster and failure of the project (Miller 2014). For the maintenance purpose, the company should employ more professionals as well as maintenance workers for maintaining the total light rail system of the city. Maintainability also implies complying with traffic and road rules as well as other rules and gudinelines. Human Factors in Designing Concepts In any system design concept, human factor is one of the primary factors that are to be considered for designing the proposed system. In this particular case study, the following human factors were considered during the design phase. Revenue Generation The main target of any system design is to generate highest amount of revenues that will help in running the business efficiently as well as further upgrading services in the future. In this chosen case study of light rail development project, generation of revenue is the most important target since the services cannot be continued daily without sufficient generation of revenues (Ho et al. 2015). This revenue comes from the daily commuters (passengers) who have to buy tickets of certain prices to avail the services of the light rail. Again, this revenue should be spent on upgrading the light rail services for increasing passenger comfort and user experience. Customer Generation (Popularity) Another important human factor for this light rail project is the popularity of the services. Any business or commercial service is called as successful if its popularity increases gradually. One primary objective of this light rail project is to attract more and more passengers and to provide comfortable experience to the customers so that the popularity of the services gradually increases. This is also related to the business of the company i.e. with increasing popularity, the number of daily passengers increases and hence, the revenue also increases by a significant amount (Down et al. 2014). Again, increasing in the popularity within the national scale will attract tourists from other countries who will then avail the light rail services when they visit the country. This not only benefits the light rail company but also the government of the country as it gains more international exposure and revenues. Economic Feasibility Economic feasibility is another human factor that is related to this system design. This is mainly because the project is based on public transport service and hence, the economic feasibility of the project depends on the number of general passengers in the system. This number directly depends upon the number of popular and busy areas the route touches. Again, the prices of tickets will directly affect the daily passengers that will prefer the light rail service. Efficient Management By far the most important human factor that affects the design concept is the availability of an effective management system. In all parts of the project from the planning and design phase to fully operational phase, an effective management system ensures proper running of every activities of the project. For instant, during planning phase, a management system is needed to conduct a survey and analyze project feasibility. Again, after completion of the project, a suitable management team is needed to control the operations efficiently. This includes management of the company operations, providing services at peak hours as well as maintaining passenger comfort and ticket prices. Conclusion From the report, a general idea has been received in form of the critical analysis of some basic points required for the system design a model public service. As per the discussion in the report, the construction of the light rail project is underway by following a specific system design. This design has its own advantages and flaws. Hence, a critical analysis has been conducted in order to analyze all their points and the results have been published already. Recommendations The recommendations for the company are as follows. A quality check procedure is to be done by the company to check quality of services as well as the interior designs of the train cars. The design of the light rail project should be such that the company is able to provide proper services during rush hours in order to gain more passengers every day. The services of the company should include a very comfortable experience for the daily commuters. It is suggested that after completion of the project, a suitable management team is needed to control the operations efficiently. This includes management of the company operations, providing services at peak hours as well as maintaining passenger comfort and ticket prices. References Birdsall, M., 2015. From Metro and Light Rail to Trains and Trams: Exploring Sydney, Australia's Expansive Public Transit Initiatives.Institute of Transportation Engineers. ITE Journal,85(11), p.31. Birdsall, M., 2015. From Rapid Transit and Light Rail to Trains and Trams: Exploring Sydney, Australia's Expansive Public Transit Initiatives: Part Two: Sydney's Light Rail Expansion.Institute of Transportation Engineers. ITE Journal,85(12), p.28. Burke, M., Currie, G. and Delbosc, A., 2014. Performance of Australian Light Rail and Comparison with US Trends.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2419), pp.11-22. Chandler, B., 2015. Australia award for urban design presentations in Melbourne.Planning News,41(9), p.6. Currie, G. and Burke, M., 2013, October. Light rail in Australiaperformance and prospects. InAustralasian Transport Research Forum, Brisbane, Australia. Downs, C., Cassels, B. and Ericksen, J., 2014. Case study of rail design on Gold Coast Light Rail.CORE 2014: Rail Transport For A Vital Economy, p.76. Hensher, D., Mulley, C. and Rose, J., 2016. Preferences for BRT and light rail.Restructuring Public Transport Through Bus Rapid Transit: An International and Interdisciplinary Perspective, p.209. Hensher, D.A., 2016. Why is Light Rail Starting to Dominate Bus Rapid Transit Yet Again?.Transport Reviews,36(3), pp.289-292. Ho, C., Hensher, D.A. and Mulley, C., 2015. Identifying resident preferences for bus-based and rail-based investments as a complementary buy in perspective to inform project planning prioritisation.Journal of Transport Geography,46, pp.1-9. Martin, S., 2014. Moving beyond cost: Evaluating LRT and BRT options for Australian and New Zealand cities.CORE 2014: Rail Transport For A Vital Economy, p.178. Miller, N., 2014. The impact of a new light rail network upon walkability in a central business district. Mulley, C., Tsai, C.H.P. and Ma, L., 2015, September. Does residential property price benefit from light rail in Sydney?. InAustralasian Transport Research Forum (ATRF), 37th, 2015, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Mysydney.nsw.gov.au. (2012). Sydneys Light Rail Future: Expanding public transport, revitalising our city. [online] Available at: https://mysydney.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/user-files/uploads/light-rail-future-web.pdf [Accessed 20 Aug. 2016]. Ney, S.M. and Gray, D., 2014. Western Sydney Light Rail-connecting the people of Western Sydney to the future.CORE 2014: Rail Transport For A Vital Economy, p.111. Olesen, M. and Lassen, C., 2016. Rationalities and materialities of light rail scapes.Journal of Transport Geography. Peter, N., Jeffrey, K. and Garry, G., 2013. Peak car use and the rise of global rail: why this is happening and what it means for large and small cities.Journal of Transportation Technologies,2013.

Pastoralism Is An Economy Based On Herding. Pastoralists Maintain Herd

Pastoralism is an economy based on herding. Pastoralists maintain herds of animals and use their products to support themselves directly and to exchange with other civilizations. It is especially associated with such terrain as steppes, rolling hills, grasslands, and the like-areas of low rainfall where cultivation is difficult without irrigation, but where grasses are plentiful enough to support herds of animals.1 Pastoralism was originally founded in the old world. Pastoralists are generally nomadic and usually follow their herds in search of food and water. Pastoral civilizations tend to be warlike and they have a difficult time trying to live at peace with settled agricultural populations. In areas where pastoralists and cultivators are in contact , the pastoralists generally have the advantage in prestige due to their superior military striking power.2 I will illustrate a few examples of pastoral groups that are warlike to prove that the first half of the statement is true. The Masai live among the wild animals on the rolling plains of the Rift Valley, one of the most beautiful parts of Africa.3 The Masai are strictly cattle herders. They do not farm the land, believing it to be a sacrilege to break the earth.3 In contrast to their peaceful and harminous relationship to the wildlife, however, the Masai are warlike in relationship to their neighboring tribes, conducting cattle raids where they take women as well as cattle for their prizes and they have been fiercely independent in resisting the attempts of colonial governments to change or subdue them.3 The amount of land that the Masai require for their enormous herds of cattle is not appreciated by people who use and value the land more for agriculture than for pasturage and for herds of wild animals. Many people view the Masai as thieves, but they do not believe in stealing material objects. They have strict laws against those that do steal material objects. They believe that when they raid other vill ages and steal their cattle it is seen as returning the cattle to their rightful owners. This belief stems from the notion that all cattle on the earth are theirs, and any cattle they do not presently own are only temporarily out of their care, and must be recaptured.3 It from the basic belief, an entire culture has grown. The ground or area that the cattle graze is considered sacred, everything from the grass the cattle eat to the water they drink. This is why that it is sacrilege for them to break the ground. The Indians of the Great Plains can be considered pastoral or nomadic group. They hunted the buffalo or bison on the plains. The buffalo regulated their lives, they followed the herds since it was their main source for food. They would move when the buffalo moved setting up camps with the herds. The Indians of the great plains were definitely warlike. They raided other tribes for women, horses, and food. They would extinguish anyone who crossed their land and attempted to raid their village. They performed war dances or ghost dances to get themselves prepared for war. The premise of warfare was common among all tribes on the Great Plains, but it goes hand in hand with the buffalo herds. The Hittites of Ancient Mesopotamia were a pastoral group that herded sheep, goats, and camel in the desert region located on the outskirts of Mesopotamia. They were one of the first nomadic groups to domestic the horse. Once they domesticated the horse it spelled doom for the groups in the surrounding areas. The Hittites could move farther and faster with their herds. They would destroy everything that got in the way of their herds. They destroyed several agricultural city-states and wiped out several cultures in the process. On the other hand it is true that pastoralist societies cannot live without agricultural societies because pastoralism is not a self-sufficient way of life. Pastoralism is a highly specialized form of food production involving the care of large animals. It has survived mostly in places which cannot support agriculture but can provide sufficient pasture for a herd, as well as secondary hunting-gathering opportunities. Even though they are nomadic pastoral societies tend to be more stratified and have more social

House Republicans Move to Cut Federal Workforce

House Republicans Move to Cut Federal Workforce With their morale already about to bottom out, the nearly 3 million civilian employees of the federal government now face two Republican-backed bills that would eventually eliminate many of their jobs. Taking the Forced Attrition Approach First up to bat, Rep. Cynthia Lummis (R-Wyoming) introduced the Federal Workforce Reduction Through Attrition Act (H.R. 417), which Rep. Lummis says would reduce the federal workforce by 10% over the next 5 years â€Å"without forcing any current federal employees out of a job.† Instead, the bill would allow the federal agencies to hire only one employee for every three that retire or otherwise leave service, saving an estimated $35 billion over those 5 years, according to Lummis. Through attrition at that rate, the bill requires a net reduction of 10% or nearly 300,000 jobs from the federal civilian federal workforce by September 30, 2016.  The bill would not apply to Postal Service workers, who are not exactly government employees, anyway. â€Å"We’ve racked up over $18 trillion in debt simply because Washington has no idea when to stop spending,† said Rep. Lummis in a press release. â€Å"Attrition is a solution that requires the federal government to do what any business, state, or local government would do to cut costs limit new hires.† In addition, should even one agency fail to comply with the one-for-three attrition plan, the bill would slap that agency with an immediate total hiring freeze. â€Å"Instead of blindly filling empty desks, this bill forces agencies to take a step back, consider which positions are crucial, and make decisions based on necessity rather than luxury,† said Lummis, adding, â€Å"Real, productive job creation takes place on Main Street America, not in the bloated federal government.† Finally, concerned that the agencies would try to â€Å"backfill† their departing employees by simply hiring even more costly third-party contractors, Lummis’ bill requires the agencies to match their reductions in employees with cuts in their numbers of service contracts awarded. The last action on the  Federal Workforce Reduction Through Attrition Act  took place on Jan. 20, 2015, when it was sent to the  House Committee on Oversight and Government.   Defense Employees In the Crosshairs Meanwhile over at the Department of Defense (DOD), where morale is even lower, the almost 770,000 civilian employees will be watching the Rebalance for an Effective Defense Uniform and Civilian Employees (REDUCE) Act (H.R. 340), introduced by Rep. Ken Calvert (R-California). Rep. Calvert’s REDUCE Act would force the DOD to cuts its civilian workforce by a substantial 15% about 116,000 employees – by the year 2020 and keep it at or below that level until 2026. According to Rep. Calvert, the workforce cuts would essentially reverse the 15% growth of the civilian DOD workforce that has occurred since the 9/11 terror attacks. In his statement on the REDUCE Act, Rep. Calvert cites former Secretary of the Navy John Lehman as estimating that a 15% reduction in the DOD’s civilian workforce would save $82.5 billion over the first five years. â€Å"The continued growth in our civilian staff at the DOD comes at a time when we are reducing the number of active-duty military personnel something is clearly wrong with that equation,† Calvert said in a press release. â€Å"Simply put, if we fail to correct this trend our uniformed soldiers, not to mention American taxpayers, will suffer the consequences.† Perhaps even more menacing to DOD employees is that, unlike Rep. Lummis’ bill, which specifies attrition as the method, the REDUCE Act does not specify how the DOD is to cut its workforce.    Instead, the REDUCE Act requires only that the DOD find a way to â€Å"responsibly adjust† its number of civilian workers, leaving anything from attrition to â€Å"round them up and lay them off,† on the table. The bill would give the Secretary of Defense greater authority to consider job performance in personnel decisions and to use voluntary separation incentive payments and voluntary early retirement payments in order to achieve the required workforce cuts. â€Å"Our current and retired military leaders have widely acknowledged the need to establish a more efficient defense workforce in order to preserve our national security posture in the future,† said Rep. Calvert. â€Å"However, actions speak louder than words and I continue to believe Congress will ultimately have to force DOD’s hand to implement these necessary changes.† No further action on the REDUCE Act has taken place since Aug. 13, 2015, when it was referred to the House  Subcommittee on Readiness.   Federal Employee Unions Object Labor unions are designed to protect jobs, so as you might expect, federal-employee unions strongly oppose both of these bills. In a press release, American Federation of Government Employees (AFGE) President J. David Cox said the size of the federal workforce as a percentage of the total U.S. workforce had already shrunk to a level unseen since the Eisenhower administration (1953 – 1961). Fearing the federal workforce will suffer a â€Å"death by a thousand cuts,† Cox said, â€Å"Federal employees protect Americans’ freedom to lead a decent private life without having to worry about basic necessities such as safe food and infrastructure.† â€Å"When anti-government lawmakers talk about cutting the already underfunded and understaffed federal workforce, it’s important to ask who they want to cut,† said Cox. â€Å"Do they want to get rid of employees who care for our veterans, inspect foods, keep air and water clean, forecast tornadoes, rescue victims of natural disasters, design safe roads and bridges, find a cure to deadly diseases, conduct research on energy efficiency, keep air travel safe, protect communities from criminals, analyze security and financial risks, advance science to drive further economic growth, protect people against discrimination in employment, ensure workplace safety and security, manage defense contracts worth billions of dollars, etc?†

Applying For a Home Loan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Applying For a Home Loan - Essay Example The message has an appropriate logical flow of the relevant steps, which minimizes the necessary changes as it begins with the first contact with the customer, application, verification, evaluation, approval, and settlement. The only key change that should occur is the inclusion of graphical representations that will make the message more appealing. The message can have a picture of properties or houses in the background, which would make the message more appealing to the eyes of the reader. Since the message relates to financing, the messenger can add details pertaining to interest rates. As such, the message should have more sections. This extra section should detail the attractive interest rates the company offers to ensure that the client is not reaped. Most financial messages tend to skip this part as it contains imperative details to avoid losing clients once they see the cost of financing the property. Adding this section would make the message more informative to the reader (Anderson, 2010). The current message contains six major sections namely contact, application, verification, evaluation, approval, and settlement. However, the messenger should add one more section. Hence, the new steps in the application for a home loan should be contact, application, verification, interest rates, evaluation, approval, and settlement (National Australian Bank, 2014). The inclusion of the interest rates would enable the customers to undertake a personal evaluation of their suitability for such a financial service given their finances.

Major Depression Disorder Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Major Depression Disorder - Case Study Example The negative effects of MDD are often manifested in the patient’s inability to function normally in a personal and social capacity. Given her other pre-existing conditions, many of the symptoms are enhanced and result in a series of clinical manifestations discussed herein.Mrs. X’s subjective manifestation was initially evident when she has begun to shun speech and the company of others, she spends a lot of time by herself and the few time she speaks she is cynical and very pessimistic. When the social worker asked her if she wanted to go to talk to a doctor, she said he would only try to poison her again and refused anything to do with hospitals. She also contemplated suicide a lot and she would sometimes be heard muttering that God should not take away her health and her ability to â€Å"escape it all†. Her language was generally soft spoken but she displayed some latency in speech, tending to speak slowly and hesitantly and sometimes seeming to lose her stream of thought and wondering of the course of the conversation. On admission, her MMSE (mini mental examination) score was 25/30, he thought the content was low in tempo and the logical coherence was at times challenging. However, after she had undergone medication and two courses of ECT, her speech improved becoming more engaging and she was able to come up with more constructive and logical thought; in the short run, ECT tends to produce more immediate results than antidepressants, however, it negatively affected her short term memory albeit temporally.

Estimation of the value of gravitational acceleration g based on Essay - 2

Estimation of the value of gravitational acceleration g based on measurements from a simple pendulum - Essay Example The experiment entails releasing a mass that is attached at the end of a string with an initial angle (ÃŽ ¸). The angle is so small such that the sin ÃŽ ¸ can be approximated to just ÃŽ ¸ making this motion to be simple harmonic. It involves swinging the ball for a given number of oscillations and observing the time it takes to make those oscillations. From that information, we can obtain the time per oscillation. This time taken per oscillation is obtained for different lengths of the string. The relationship 4Ï€2/slope is then used to estimate the value of the acceleration due to gravity, g. The main aim of the pendulum experiment is to determine the effect that the length of the string has on the period taken by the pendulum to make a complete oscillation. It also aims at determining a relationship between the length and the period and also estimating a value for g. The hypothesis for this experiment is that the value for g obtained by any of the experiments available should be approximately equal to 9.8m/s2. The period taken by the pendulum is independent of the mass of the attached object and the initial angle. The period depends on the length of the string and the acceleration of gravity (Wilson & Hernà ¡ndez-Hall 2009). 3. Set the pendulum swinging through a small angle. Then, measure the time for the period of oscillations (hint: think of a good method here; measuring the period based on a single oscillation might not be a good idea). The analysis involved plotting a graph of T2 against L. since the graph should be linear, the students used simple linear regression to come up with a linear graph. (Michael, Matthew, Gauld, & Stinner 2010). The results support the objective of the experiment. The students were able to determine the relationship between T2 and L by plotting the graph and obtaining the gradient. Additionally, they were able to compute the value for the acceleration due to gravity, g, with a relative error of

Christianity And Lord Of The Rings Essay -- essays research papers

If the study of literature shows nothing else, it shows that every author, consciously or subconsciously, creates his (or her) work after his (or her) own worldview. Tolkien is no exception. "I am a Christian..." he writes(1), and his book shows it. Christianity appears not as allegory--Tolkien despises that(2)--nor as analogy, but as deep under girding presuppositions, similarities of pattern, and shared symbols. That there should be similarities between the presuppositions of of The Lord of the Rings and Tolkien's Catholic faith is to be expected given Tolkien's own views on Christianity and myth. Regarding the gospel story Tolkien wrote, "The gospels contain a fairy-story, or a story of a larger kind which embraces all the essences of fairy-stories."(3)Since all myths are subordinate to the overarching "myth," it would be surprising if parallels were not found between greater and lesser. This is certainly true where the author consciously recognizes his archetype. If he has at all grasped its form and meaning, if the archetype has at all succeeded in working its way to his heart, then it must also work its way to his pen. The essence of the gospel and of fairy-tales is, in Tolkien's own word, euchatastrophe--the surprising, hopeful turn in all man's despair and sorrow. Joy is the result, a brief glimpse springing out of the inherent evangelium of the genre.(4)This is the dominant note of, and even the apology for, fairy-tales. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings trilogy is set in a pre-Christian world. Hence it cannot adopt an explicit Christianity. Nonetheless it can, and does, shadow Christianity just as the Old Testament pre-shadowed the New, although admittedly Tolkien's is a post-view set as a pre-view. The Christian types to be found in The Lord of the Rings which we will examine are of two sorts: shared world view and shared symbols. The first category embraces such distinctly philosophical issues as good and evil, historical perspective, freewill and predestination, grace, mercy, providence, judgment and redemption. The development of these themes in The Lord of the Rings is Christian or at least Hebraic. Shared imagery is no less important to the tenor of the whole work. An example of shared imagery is the antithesis of dark and light so evident in both John the Apostle and Tolkien. Observe the close connection between Hal... ...Apollo Editions) pp. 158-77.[back] 18. I-347. [back] Additonal References Auden, W. H. "Good and Evil in The Lord of the Rings." Critical Quarterly 10 (Spring/Summer 1968) pp 138-42. ------------ "A World Imaginary but Real." Encounter 3 (November, 1954) pp. 59-62. Callahan, Patrick J. "Animism and Magic in Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings." Riverside Quarterly, Volume 14 No. 4 (March 1971) pp. 240-250. Kocher, Paul Harold. Master of Middle Earth; the Fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972. Meisel, Sandra L. "Some Motifs and Sources for The Lord of the Rings." Riverside Quarterly 3 (March 1968) pp. 125-8. Pfotenhauer, Paul. "Christian Themes in Tolkien." Cresset 32 (January 1969) pp. 13-15. Sale, Roger. "England's Parnassus: C. S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and J. R. R. Tolkien." Hudson Review 17 (Summer, 1964) pp. 203-225. Stimpson, Catherine R. J. R. R. Tolkien. Columbia Essays on Modern Authors #41. New York:Columbia University Press, 1969. Urang, Gunnar. Shadows of Heaven: Religion and Fantasy in the Writings of C. S. Lewis, Charles Williams and J. R. R. Tolkien. Philadelphia: Pilgrim Press, 1971.

Labor Relations Hw

In my opinion, the employer now has learned what kind of discrepancies can occur and modify the security issues regarding the remaining medications. Any discrepancies occurred after a â€Å"Just† modification of the rules shall be applied strictly as Intended by the employer. 2. Explain why the relevant provisions of the collective bargaining agreement as applied to the facts of this case dictate the award. I think that it is very natural and obvious that the employer, who is in charge of his company, wants to charge someone of any discrepancy occurred inside his mandarins.Even if there is no exact proof existing, the employer believes that each supervisor must be responsible for their actions and be willing to accept the consequences that come from their own subdivision's control. For example, let's say there was a small bug Inside a potato chip bag. The bug could have got Inside the bag In any process during which the potato chip was being made, but the employer must decide one of the suspicious departments for the discrepancy. Let's say that the employer fired the supervisor of the final packaging vision.Even though all packaging is done by machines and the only daily duty of the packaging division is to identify wrong-packaged bags, the employer has made a decision. If there was a fluoroscopic machine that makes it possible to see inside every bag, then things would have resulted differently, but there wasn't one and the packaging supervisor was fired due to â€Å"irresponsibility. † This example explained above would be a similar example to why the relevant provisions of the collective bargaining agreement as applied to the facts of he previous case dictate the award. . What actions might the employer or the union has taken to avoid this conflict? I en employer malign nave set up a more strict policy Walt personnel controlling Ana accessing the medications. The total number of keys and a reliable sign-in/out system will be installed. Personne l granted access to the remaining medication will surely receive a proper orientation and training before accessing it. Also, to clarify the unjust â€Å"Just cause† standard, a very detailed warning and penalty will be posted to those committing any discrepancy.

History of the American Labor Movement

The American labor force has changed profoundly during the nations evolution from an agrarian society into a modern industrial state. The United States remained a largely agricultural nation until late in the 19th century. Unskilled workers fared poorly in the early U.S. economy, receiving as little as half the pay of skilled craftsmen, artisans, and mechanics. About 40 percent of workers in cities were low-wage laborers and seamstresses in clothing factories, often living in dismal circumstances. With the rise of factories, children, women, and poor immigrants were commonly employed to run machines. Rise and Fall of Labor Unions The late 19th century and the 20th century brought substantial industrial growth. Many Americans left farms and small towns to work in factories, which were organized for mass production and characterized by steep hierarchy, a reliance on relatively unskilled labor, and low wages. In this environment, labor unions gradually developed clout. One such union was the Industrial Workers of the World, founded in 1905. Eventually, they won substantial improvements in working conditions. They also changed American politics; often aligned with the Democratic Party, unions represented a key constituency for much of the social legislation enacted from the time of President Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal in the 1930s through the Kennedy and Johnson administrations of the 1960s. Organized labor continues to be an important political and economic force today, but its influence has waned markedly. Manufacturing has declined in relative importance, and the service sector has grown. More and more workers hold white-collar office jobs rather than unskilled, blue-collar factory jobs. Newer industries, meanwhile, have sought highly skilled workers who can adapt to continuous changes produced by computers and other new technologies. A growing emphasis on customization and a need to change products frequently in response to market demands has prompted some employers to reduce hierarchy and to rely instead on self-directed, interdisciplinary teams of workers. Organized labor, rooted in industries such as steel and heavy machinery, has had trouble responding to these changes. Unions prospered in the years immediately following World War II, but in later years, as the number of workers employed in the traditional manufacturing industries has declined, union membership has dropped. Employers, facing mounting challenges from low-wage, foreign competitors, have begun seeking greater flexibility in their employment policies, making more use of temporary and part-time employees and putting less emphasis on pay and benefit plans designed to cultivate long-term relationships with employees. They also have fought union organizing campaigns and strikes more aggressively. Politicians, once reluctant to buck union power, have passed legislation that cut further into the unions base. Meanwhile, many younger, skilled workers have come to see unions as anachronisms that restrict their independence. Only in sectors that essentially function as monopoliesà ¢â‚¬â€such as government and public schools—have unions continued to make gains. Despite the diminished power of unions, skilled workers in successful industries have benefited from many of the recent changes in the workplace. But unskilled workers in more traditional industries often have encountered difficulties. The 1980s and 1990s saw a growing gap in the wages paid to skilled and unskilled workers. While American workers at the end of the 1990s thus could look back on a decade of growing prosperity born of strong economic growth and low unemployment, many felt uncertain about what the future would bring.